Skimming reading

There are different styles of reading for different situations. The technique you choose will depend on the purpose for reading. For example, you might be reading for enjoyment, information, or to complete a task. If you are exploring or reviewing, you might skim a document. If you're searching for information, you might scan for a particular word.
Skimming is the most rudimentary type of reading. Its object is to familarize people as quickly as posssible with the material to be read because speed and comprehesion depend on familiarity. The more comfortable readers are with the manner in which the material is presented, the faster you will move through it and the more you will retain. One of the attempt to become familiar with the subjext matter is by leafing through the material looking at the tittles, subheadings, illustrations, maps, and charts.
However skimming is a process of speed reading that involves visually searching the sentences of a page for clues to meaning. For some people, this comes naturally, and usually may not be acquired by practice. Skimming is usually seen more in adults than in children. It is conducted at a higher rate (700 words per minute and above) than normal reading for comprehension (around 200-230 wpm), and results in lower comprehension rates, especially with information-rich reading material.
Another form of skimming is that commonly employed by readers on the Web. This involves skipping over text that is less interesting or relevant. This form of reading is not new but has become increasingly prevalent due to the ease with which alternative information can be accessed online. Some of the sentences have minor information which may not be required.
Therefore skimming enables people to begin identifying the main ideas of a text by reading first and last paragraphs, beginning sentences in other paragraphs (topic sentences), and noting other organizational clues such as title, bold type, italics, capitalized words, captions etc. In skimming, people are not looking for specific information as in scanning. Skimming enables people to cover a large amount of textual material in a limited amount of time.
Skimming is used to quickly identify the main ideas of a text. When you read the newspaper, you're probably not reading it word-by-word, instead you're scanning the text. Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading. People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time. Use skimming when you want to see if an article may be of interest in your research.
 
There are many strategies that can be used when skimming. Some people read the first and last paragraphs using headings, summarizes and other organizers as they move down the page or screen. You might read the title, subtitles, subheading, and illustrations. Consider reading the first sentence of each paragraph. This technique is useful when you're seeking specific information rather than reading for comprehension. Skimming works well to find dates, names, and places. It might be used to review graphs, tables, and charts.
  

Beside that, skimming may also be used to search out certain short passages ones have lost. The readers’ eyes should race over the pages looking for the clues which will help them to narrow down the probable location. Though they feel completely lost, the act of skimming will refresh their memory and lead them to the passage.
However reading off a computer screen has become a growing concern. Research shows that people have more difficulty reading off a computer screen than off paper. Although they can read and comprehend at the same rate as paper, skimming on the computer is much slower than on paper.



References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_reading
http://42explore.com/skim.htm
http://kn.pacbell.com/21stcent/Iskim
http:/ ababasoft.com/subvocalization/skiming_and_subvocalization.htm

aku ,,atau burung

Aku bagaikan seekor burung yang lemah, yang tiada kuasa tuk terbang.
Ingin ku kepakan sayapku ke angkasa luas, namun ku gagal.
Ku lihat kawanan lain tengah menari dengan indahnya di atas sana, namun aku....
Hanya terpaku dalam keterpurukanku.
Ingin sekali lagi ku mencoba, namun kembali ku tersungkur.
Ku helakan nafasku, terengah...
Tak tahu apa yang harus ku lakukan, malah bisu lumpuh mencengkeramku.
Dan ku pun masih terdiam, menatapi mereka yang tengah menari bernyanyi bersama.
Ingin ku bergabung, namun enggan tlah merasukiku.
Aku malas tuk kembali mecoba.
Aku malas tuk kembali bangkit.
Aku takut tuk kembali gagal.
Pernah sekali ku mencoba lagi, hampir berhasil sebenarnya.
Namun, buaian angin membuatku tak imbang,
Hingga akhirnya, aku kembali dalam keterpurukanku.
Masih sayapku terenggang, namun lemas teramat yang ku rasa.
Aku ingin sekali lagi mencoba, namun hanya harap ku pendam.
Tiada pernah sekalipun ku kembali mencoba, hingga harus ku hidup dalam kehinaan.
Sebagai burung yang hanya mampu berjalan, namun kehilangan kesempatan tuk terbang.

bocah penjual koran

Bocah itu,,,,
Dengan wajahnya yang kusut,
Berjalan riang sepanjang trotoar, membawa segebuk koran di lengannya.
Tanpa lelah dia berjalan,,,menghampiri mobil-mobil yang tengah menanti nyala hijau.
Senyum tergurat di wajah yang legam terbakar matahari itu,
Menawarkan koran edisi hari ini, lagi-lagi tentang koruptor kelas teri.
Namun senyum lelahnya itu terbalas dengan tatapan sinis bapak berpakaian necis berdasi yang berkendara mobil mewah plat merah.
Masih mengulum senyum bertabur tetesan peluh, dia berjalan.
Menyebrangi jalanan yang penuh sesak,
Menyelinap di antara riuh jalanan siang itu.
Kembali dia menghampiri sepasang remaja yang tengah bercengkrama mesra di atas motor, memanfaatan lampu merah, semerah hati mereka yang dilanda cinta.
Ketika bibirnya mulai menawarkan koran-koran di tangannya,
Mereka malah menggerutu, sebal.
Menganggapnya sebagai pengusik kemesraan mereka.
Bocah itupun kembali enyah, sebelum lanjut ia berkata.
Dihampirinya seorang ibu-ibu yang tengah bersolek di dalam sedannya.
Namun belum sempat ia membuka bibir, si sopir keburu menutup semua jendela.
Tanpa memberinya kesempatan.
Bocah itu,,,
Yang belum mengisi perutnya meski hanya dengan segigit jajan pasar, kini tertunduk
Menggigit bibirnya.
Namun kemudian kepalanya terangkat, senyum kembali menghias,
Kembali dikumpulkannya semangat dan tenaganya, kembali berjalan.
Namun belum selangkah kakinya melangkah,
Keramaian tiba-tiba menyeruak, suara-suara knalpot berderu.
Lalu,,,,ketika dia hendak melangkah ke tepian jalan,,,
Sesuatu yang keras menghatamnya,,,
Keras,,sungguh keras!
Namun hanya sebentar saja.
Sekejab kemudian tak dirasakannya lagi benda itu
Namun ia tak lagi kuasa menatap awan,
Bahkan tiada lagi mampu ia rasakan keberadaan organ tubuhnya.
Di mana tangannya,,??kenapa semua gelap..?
Perlahan didengarnya keramaian disekelilingnya.
Kenapa??? Ada apa di sini??? Kenapa ia tak mampu merasakan apa-apa??
Keramaian itu perlahan memudar, lalu tak terdengar lagi apa-apa.
Gelap,,,,sunyi,,,,,lalu tiada lagi apa-apa!
Sementara di sekitarnya, orang-orang tengah berkumpula,riuh.
Memandangi sesosok tubuh yang baru saja tertabrak.
Darah tercecer dimana-mana, bahkan tiada kunjung henti.
Kulit coklat gelapnya menjadi pucat, berlumur warna merah pekat...
Koran-koran yang semula dibawanya tercecer di jalanan, tiada lagi putih, namun merah,,,,,

facebook's definiton

There are many kinds of social networking service in the world wide web that allow users to interact and share data, and the most popular one is facebook. Because of its popularity, there are more than 600 million active users of facebook around the world. Facebook can also be called as a digital book which is used by people to see somebody or deal with something by interacting each others in website, in a world where the people can interact one another although they do not face to face.
The registered users of facebook may create their personal profile with uploading photos and video, lists of personal interests, contact information, and other personal information. They also can keep in touch with friends, family, colleagues, and other users through public or private messages and a chat feature.
Facebook has a number of features which the users can use. Including the Wall, a space on every user's profile page like a virtual buletin board where friends may post messages for the user to see. The messages left on members’ wall can be text, video, or photos. The second is Poke, it is one of the features that allows users to poke each other virtually. There is also Photos Aplication. By this feature, the users can upload their an unlimited number of photos and make albums from the desktop or directly uploaded from cell phone camera. Beside that, they can tag or label users in a photo. Another one is Status Updates, a microblogging feature used by the users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions. The next feature which is introduced is Facebook notes, it is a blogging feature that users can share their short written records which can be embedded with images and tag their friends there.
There are also others public features such Marketplace where users can post, read and respond to classified advertisements. Faceebook also set Groups that allows the users who have common interests to find and interact each other. If the users have some events, they can publish them in facebook and invite guests to attend. Beside those, the Pages Feature is also had to allow members to create and promote a public page built around a specific topic. The users can also have an instant messaging application called chat to communicate with friends.
All those interactions are published in a newsfeed in homepage, which are distributed in real-time to the members’ friends and can be read by others. However, the information and updates which are shared in the newsfeed depend on the users’ privacy. Facebook has given right to users in order them to be able to  control what types of information shared automatically with friends. Beside, they can also set categories of friends who are able to see updates about certain types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, newly added friends, notes, pictures, status updates, and others.

kesendirianku

terkadang aku ingin menyendiri,,,
dalam setiap waktuku,,

mengungsikan semua keegoisanku dlam duniaku..

ku sadar,ini semua salah.

karna ak hanya semakin terpuruk dan terpuruk,,,,

terpenjara dalam keheningan,tersiksa dalam kesendirian

bahkan ketika pelik menguntitku,

aku hanya mampu terpekur dalam hening,tanpa mampu melempar kata..

meski ajal mengancam dalam detik waktu...